A butt weld fitting is two pieces of materials butted against each other and welded. Several different methods exist for beveling the two pieces for good weld penetration. Both flat stock and pipe or tubing can be butt welded. Generally, the weld is ground flush with the material surface.
A socket weld fitting involves two different sized pieces of pipe. The smaller one is inside the larger pipe. The weld is completely around the outside circumference of the larger pipe.
A Socket Weld fitting is a pipe attachment detail in which a pipe is inserted into a recessed area of a Valve, fitting or flange. In contrast to butt weld fitting, socket weld fitting is mainly used for small pipe diameters (Small Bore Piping); generally for piping whose nominal diameter is NPS 2 or smaller.
To join pipe to Valves and fittings or to other sections of pipe, fillet-type seal welds be used. Socket-welded Joints construction is a good choice wherever the benefits of high leakage integrity and great structural strength are important design considerations.
Fatigue resistance is lower than that in butt-welded construction due to the use of fillet welds and abrupt fitting geometry, but it is still better than that of most mechanical joining methods.
The purpose for the bottoming clearance in a Socket Weld is usually to reduce the residual stress at the root of the weld that could occur during solidification of the weld metal, and to allow for differential expansion of the mating elements.
The butt weld and the socket weld are two different ways to weld two pieces of materials together.
A butt weld is where the diameter of the pipes welded together are the same, a socket weld is where a larger diameter pipe is fitted into a smaller one. In making a butt weld, the pipes (or pipe and fitting) usually have an angle machined or ground into the outside corner, so when they are placed together face-face, there is a circumferential V shaped gap serving as the weld prep. In a socket weld, the pipe is inserted into the socket, backed off slightly to make a gap between the end of the pipe and the bottom of the socket, and the weld is made around the outside diameter of the socket to the outside diameter of the pipe. The gap at the bottom of the pipe prevents thermal expansion from stressing the joint during or after welding.
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